目的：研究精英和世界级游泳运动员的肌肉类型是否可以区分他们的最佳距离项目、游泳泳姿或表现水平。方法：通过质子磁共振波谱测量比目鱼肌和腓肠肌中 43 名男性（860 [76] FINA [Fédération Internationale de Natation] 点）和 30 名女性（881 [63] 点）游泳运动员的肌肉肌肽含量，并表示为肌肽聚集体Z分数（CAZ 分数）来估计肌肉类型。较高的 CAZ 评分与较高的 II 型纤维估计比例相关。游泳运动员根据最佳泳姿、距离类别（短跑运动员，50-100 m；中距离，200-400 m；或长距离，800 m–开放水域）和表现水平（世界级、世界前 10 名或世界前 10 名以外的精英和世界前 100 名游泳运动员）。结果：短跑运动员（-0.08 [0.55]）、中游运动员（-0.17 [0.70]）或长距离游泳运动员（-0.30 [0.75]，P = .693）的 CAZ 得分没有显着差异。与精英短距离游泳运动员（-0.25 [0.61], P = .024, d = 0.94)。蛙泳运动员 (0.69 [0.73]) 的 CAZ 得分显着高于自由泳 (-0.24 [0.54], P < .001, d = 1.46)、仰泳 (-0.16 [0.47], P = .006, d = 1.42 ) ) 和蝶泳运动员 (−0.39 [0.53], P < .001, d = 1.70)。此外，在蛙泳运动员队列中，FINA 分数与 CAZ 分数之间存在显着的正相关（r = .728，P = .011）；然而，这种关联在其他中风中并不明显。结论：虽然肌肉类型学和项目距离专业化之间没有明确的关联，但与精英短距离游泳运动员相比，世界级短跑运动员拥有更大比例的 II 型纤维，与自由泳、仰泳和蝶泳运动员相比，蛙泳运动员拥有更大的估计比例。

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The Muscle Typology of Elite and World-Class Swimmers

Purpose: To examine whether the muscle typology of elite and world-class swimmers could discriminate between their best distance event, swimming stroke style, or performance level. Methodology: The muscle carnosine content of 43 male (860 [76] FINA [Fédération Internationale de Natation] points) and 30 female (881 [63] FINA points) swimmers was measured in the soleus and gastrocnemius by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and expressed as a carnosine aggregate Z score (CAZ score) to estimate muscle typology. A higher CAZ score is associated with a higher estimated proportion of type II fibers. Swimmers were categorized by their best stroke, distance category (sprinters, 50–100 m; middle distance, 200–400 m; or long distance, 800 m–open water), and performance level (world-class, world top 10, or elite and world top 100 swimmers outside of the world top 10). Results: There was no significant difference in the CAZ score of sprint- (−0.08 [0.55]), middle- (−0.17 [0.70]), or long-distance swimmers (−0.30 [0.75], P = .693). World-class sprint swimmers (all strokes included) had a significantly higher CAZ score (0.37 [0.70]) when compared to elite sprint swimmers (−0.25 [0.61], P = .024, d = 0.94). Breaststroke swimmers (0.69 [0.73]) had a significantly higher CAZ score compared to freestyle (−0.24 [0.54], P < .001, d = 1.46), backstroke (−0.16 [0.47], P = .006, d = 1.42), and butterfly swimmers (−0.39 [0.53], P < .001, d = 1.70). Furthermore, within the cohort of breaststroke swimmers, there was a significant positive correlation between FINA points and CAZ score (r = .728, P = .011); however, this association was not evident in other strokes. Conclusion: While there was no clear association between muscle typology and event distance specialization, world-class sprint swimmers possess a greater estimated proportion of type II fibers compared to elite sprint swimmers, as well as breaststroke swimmers compared to freestyle, backstroke, and butterfly swimmers.